Many questions have been arisen for making criminal law, as an effective and impressionable law which is resulted from conflicts and interactions like any other law however there is no much information how to emerge it. This research which is conducted by using descriptive-analytical method seeks to answer the main question that which Discourses can play major role in making criminal law as well as how can they do? The hypothesis is that "Discourses play either an independent role in this process or providing a ground for (playing role of) other Discourses. " Findings imply that making a law requires taking several steps which can be known as a legislative process. Studies show that the Macro Discourses of this process can be identified in two categories: main and contextual Discourses. The main Discourses refer to political and economic Discourses. But cultural, social, and religious Discourses are categorized as contextual discourse. Generally, with respect to the Discourses’ roles and functions as well as their impacts on law-making process are directly and indirectly divided into two categories mentioned above.

Human Attitude Toward the World is Influenced by the System of Discourse. Text Analysis, better than any other Method, can Show Socio-Cultural Processes in all their Forms, with all their Nature. In this Regard, Laclau and Moff's Discourse, which is Closer to Foucault in some Respects can be Used. This Research Uses a Descriptive-analytical Method and a Discourse Analysis Approach to Analyze and Explain the Discourse fFormulations Applied by Khayyam in Nowruznameh. Using Discourse Articulation Mechanisms, this Study Indicates that the Discourse Followed by Khayam is a Material and Cultural Discourse which Plays a Significant Role in Nowrouz Discourse reproduction. Nowrouz Feast is the Cornerstone of Discourse Around which such Discourse as Medicine, Astronomy and Superstitions are Organized. Among the Discourse Elements of Nowruznameh, the Element of wine, which is Quite Intoxicating, has a Prominent Significance.

Discourses on employment of women entail certain methods that individuals and groups stick to when talking about the need or no need, musts and must-nots about employing women in the society. This paper has picked up the theory and method of discourse analysis based on Laclau and Mouffe theory to develop a comparative study between Imam Khomeini’s views and other common Discourses concerning employment of women to extract similarities and distinctions. Our statistical population is historical texts on purposely selected intellectual schools. Findings indicate that pro-women employment Discourses chiefly place emphasis on self-sufficiency of women, whereas the opposing Discourses invoke natural differences and argue that employment of women disrupts family order. In the midst of these two Discourses, Imam Khomeini’s discourse is based on Islamic teachings, the hegemony of which in the area of employment of women, has had immense consequences in safe and calm entry of women into employment centers and at the same time, settling women’s multi-faceted roles in family and career.  

The purpose of this article is to analyze the content of the main Discourses of religious reformers in terms of their approach to society's problems and how they use modern ideas in this field. In this regard, Discourses of expediency, debate, and compromise have been discussed, and a fourth discourse titled exchange and competition discourse has also been suggested. The method is qualitative content analysis and the results are the theoretical description of the mentioned Discourses and the evaluation of their strengths and weaknesses. The final finding of the article is that although reformist Discourses have been very successful in defense of religious teachings, it seems necessary to move from a defensive position to an establishment position for further growth.

In the process of modernization, traditional dress is usually the first issue which changes in traditional societies. Undoubtedly, western societies, benefiting from their worldwide cultural industry, are leading the globe to a great uniformity which peoples’ dress is one of its apparent out comes. Today, in our society emergence of west culture through the process of globalization on one hand, and women's participation in public affairs on the other, has made the dress as one of the challenging and problematic problems.Meanwhile, in Iran women's dress is a cultural, religious, ideological and discursive issue. In this article we are looking at national dress, particularly women's dress, from discourse point of view. Looking at dress in the frame of different Discourses and trying to understand its discursive feature, enables us to enlighten one of the dimensions of this critical subject. On the basis of especial goals and values, discourse, enables one to introduce herself to the others on the basis of her own choice. In this article reviewing dress in three historical eras, we will particularly deal with the influence of western culture in Iran. In this period there is a confrontation between religious discourse, insisting on Hejab, and liberal discourse, persisting on liberation of dress. Although religious discourse is dominant, but educational centers should enhance Islamic Hejab asserting on “modesty” rather than an especial kind of it.

This paper seeks to focus on the creation of Discourses on human communication in family. To do it, the contemporary approaches of sociology and process of their formation are used. Attention to the dimensions of time and space to explain the discourse creation is the most important aspect of integrated approaches of sociology (or relational approach): an analysis far beyond the causal analysis: Considering both micro- and Macro-levels): Moving towards generalization and using the chaos theory to explain the repeated forms are characteristics of this analysis. A grounded theory is used in this research. Analysis of the data collected from the families of the 22 districts of Tehran is conducted through quantitative data analysis (factor analysis) and for classification of items and formation of the theoretical ones, grounded theory was used.The process of producing the discourse of human communication in family includes the followings steps: the flow of discourse principle, Withdrawal of abstraction (speaking on the writing), creating the Compelling regulations (speaking on reading) and creating the intermediate structures (speaking on the exchange). These steps are based on the theory of knowledge, the SECI model and Foucault's methodological approach. During the first phase, the principle of discourse flow, family events creates innovation and changes the tacit knowledge to the shared explicit communication. The second step, leaving the abstraction, family members changes the tacit knowledge to the shared explicit knowledge through using the words, signs, symptoms and talking with other people. The third stage, beyond systematization and offering the explicit knowledge and simplification of the more complicated concepts needed in family communication, it changes the explicit knowledge to implied one. In the fourth stage, binding mediation structures internalizes the implicit knowledge and this process continues. In this paper, we tried to focus on the discourse of family communication.

Based on Laclau and Mouffe's Discourse Theory, this study provides semantic systems of JCPOA-related discourse in the form of "Official / state" and "Conservative" discourse and their discursive battles, while Foregrounding / Backgrounding in field of language and media Discourses through Dichotomous Paradigms. Contents of six media outlets were assessed in Persian calendar 1394 till 14th Aban1397. The field of research is divided to Micro and Macro levels. In Macro, Discourses are analyzed on base of Laclau and Moufeh's Discourse Theory. In Micro, Text Analysis is held on base of Dichotomy as Seperated semiosis system. Seven dichotomous were recognized. The articulation of both Discourses in media content engross of dichotomized representation of "foregrounding self" and "backgrounding the other". Official/State discourse takes "sanction lift" moment along with "good deal / bad deal" and also Foregrounding of "Transparency / Rent". This discourse tries to articulate its meaning system through Empty Signifiers. Conservative discourse defines Ideological discursive moments and focus its Nodal Points on Antagonistic relations in order to break its competitor's hegemonic domination of "Constructive interaction" and "Interaction / Confrontation. Both discourse employ signifier in rival's Field of Discursivity, for creating dichotomy, as well as employing floating signifiers after threat of JCPOA.